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- Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Toxicity
GHB is a neurotransmitter that acts as a weak agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GHB receptors are distinct from those for GABA and have different pharmacological properties. Overdose or excessive use of GHB can lead to severe toxicity, including hypothermia, respiratory depression, and altered mental status.
Key Points
- **Mechanism**: GHB binds selectively to a subunit of the GABAA receptor complex, leading to partial agonistic effects.
- **Presentation**: Symptoms range from mild intoxication (e.g., nausea, dizziness) to severe neurotoxicity, including confusion, ataxia, and comorbid with other neurotransmitter effects.
- **Treatment**: Supportive care is often necessary; antidotes such as flumazenil may be considered, though its efficacy in GHB toxicity remains unclear.
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